WATER CONTAMINATION

Water is one of the most important element in our life. Water is your body's most important nutrient, is involved in every bodily function, and makes up 70- 75% of your total body weight. Our planet (the Earth) also contains 71% of water. Life without water is impossible.

The first source of water pollution comes from the wastes of the streets, soils, mountains etc., on its travels to the rivers and seas. Only by studying causes and the pollutants effects we can avoid a serious environmental problem.

The main phase changes of the water are: condensation, evaporation, melting, and deposition. All of them are involved in the pollution process.

CAUSES:

INDUSTRIAL EFLUENT POLLUTION

This is the one of the most important reason of the river pollution because companies indiscriminately flow the waste water of their manufacturing process on rivers without any previous treatment. Oil and chemistry industries produce some of the most dangerous pollutants in the water such as metal components: copper, silver, chromium, mercury and lead.

AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK POLLUTION 

This is because a misuse of weed-killer, pesticidal and chemical fertilizers because these products get into the groundwater. Agricultural activities generate large amounts of biomass residues and the oxygen content of the water is depleted or reduced to zero.

POLLUTION BY DUMPING OR URBAN HOUSEHOLD

This occurs mainly because of the dumping of water household. They contain organic material also called black or sewage wastes from toilets, washing machines or kitchen sinks. 

EFFECTS:

·         Physical effects: bad smell, darkening colour, cloudly, temperature rise. 

·         Chemical effects. Decrease of oxygen quantity necessary for aquatic life. 

·         Biological effects: death of plants and animals, as well as the production of human diseases.

SOLUTIONS: 

·         Preserve natural vegetation avoiding the felling of forests.

·         Protect water sources; do not throw any litter, soap or fecal waste without a previous treatment.

·         Build latrines and septic tanks.

·         Build wastewater treatment plants.

·         Educational and awareness-raising campaigns to create a culture on environmental protection.